Evaluate a given situation to determine a company’s attitude towards social responsibility

The instance of Company X is a genuine case of private undertaking that still can't seem to put social improvement at the center of its business. Before apportions are laid with respect to how they could improve its corporate social duty (CSR), it is basic to examine the nuts and bolts of CSR. CSR is characterized as the obligation of a business towards society (Bateman and Snell, 2002,p. 151). It used to be that organizations exist essentially to sell products and offer types of assistance (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 1988, p. 41). In succeeding years, the standard of CSR expanded with certain associations getting spurred in social turn of events, advancing to edified personal circumstance. Endeavors were driven more by the need to upgrade upper hand. Perceiving that items have accomplished quality and value equality, organizations saw the need to support their notoriety capital. Generally, CSR turned into the upper hand. The move it inspiration for social advancement came about in CSR turning out to be standard business practice. As of late, organizations measure hierarchical execution with money related viewpoint as well as included social and ecological rules also. CSR has made a major jump at the core of organizations (Porter and Kramer, 2006, p. 1). Organization Q unmistakably doesn't organize CSR. While shutting down certain stores because of cash lost is a commonsense move, they couldn't perceive the significance of keeping up client connections. Valid, they allowed a determined customers’ solicitation to sell natural and wellbeing cognizant food yet they sold it in constrained sums as it were. In light of the case, it expressed that this solicitation has been made for a considerable length of time, which means there was a fuss for this. Organization X couldn't see that. Declining to give day-old food things to the food bank basically on the grounds that they were stressed of conceivable income misfortune and issues of taking and tattle shows that Company X offers need to how much cash they are making as opposed to how they could utilize the chance to contribute assets to the general public in point of improving the personal satisfaction. The motivation behind a business isn't just to seek after benefits. Since organizations are a piece of the general public, they can't disregard social issues. In taking their part in handling social issues, organizations can make and keep up a steady situation that has long haul gainfulness (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 1988, p. 42). There are three territories that Company X could begin with in executing CSR-clients, workers and network. With respect to the clients, Company X could include their clients in the item improvement process. They could give criticism. The organization has had involvement with this territory when they at last yielded to the customers’ demand for natural and wellbeing food. Consistent correspondence and association with clients is one way. Going an additional progression may remember putting wellbeing and ecological data for their items and administrations; getting input from clients on why they like setting off to the store and what viewpoint they feel need improvement (setting up a criticism box), things like that. Organization X ought to recall that informal publicizing is a decent and basic approach to pick up customers’ consideration. In the event that more clients like the store, there is a high likelihood that they would prescribe it to their companions and partners. Clients should feel that the store is a sheltered spot to remain so abundant security ought to be given. It is expressed for the situation that the chain shut down certain stores in horror zones. With regards to their workers, it is fairly sheltered to expect that Company X doesn't believe their representatives deciding by the way that they were hesitant to give since certain workers may take and state that they got it from the food drive. Representatives are a significant partner in organizations. Without workers, the organization would not progress. Organization X could begin executing worker programs that would profit them independently and hierarchically. Employees who make the most of their work and have a decent working relationship with their bosses are probably going to contribute more to the organization. Organization X could begin with putting work-life balance programs and those that encourage representative cooperation in dynamic. An open channel of correspondence among representatives and supervisors is crucial. All things considered, in a store, the representative has the most contact with the clients. In the event that Company X regards that giving day-old food brings about income misfortune, they could in any case bolster the network in different methods, for example, recruiting of local people and buying items locally. Along these lines, they could enlarge the pay of the network. Also, they could uphold representative volunteerism in network advancement programs. They could likewise adjust social improvement into their business practice. Under this methodology, they could recognize their requirements and decide how networks would benefit from outside intervention. It may not be giving food or cash all things considered. Direct interview with the network could roll out a noteworthy improvement for the network as well as Company X also. All things considered, they are arranged in the network; they should coordinate them. Organizations should release its CSR in a manner that befits its fitness. The advantage cuts the two different ways: organizations add to their pay and their networks gain aptitudes, occupation and resources. CSR ought to be focal and vital to the business. CSR in a commitment consistently incorporated into the center business. Everybody needs to step up to lighten social issues and improve the world a spot for the group of people yet to come.

A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer Free Essays

string(106) melodic event drawing more than 500,000 people) may incorporate custom, festival and metro pride. Today, albeit as yet speaking to a little level of the general limited time spending plan, the cost of rumination dollars for sponsorship mansions Is developing quickly (Parker, 1991; Candler and Shank, 1989; Scott and Chard, 1992). Not exclusively are today’s sponsorships increasingly advanced (I. E. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now , more than essentially the gift of money for occasion creation yet most firms are expecting a sensible profit for their sponsorship dollar as expanded deals (Octahedron and Van Kirk, 1992). While firms go into sponsorship plans with an assortment of objectives, two of the most significant are: to build brand mindfulness; and to set up, reinforce, or change brand picture Crowley, 1991; Marshall and Cook, 1992; Meghan, 1991; Memorable blue-green . , 1991). As of late, these objectives have been estimated to be significant in the advancement of client based brand value, characterized as the differential impact of brand information on the consumer’s buy choice (Keller, 1993). In Seller’s conceptualization, brand information (which drives client based brand value) Is a component of both the consumer’s attention to the brand and the Image(s) related with that mindfulness. â€Å"In specific, the inconstancy, quality, and uniqueness of the brand affiliations assume a basic job in deciding the differential response† (Keller, 1993, p. 8). Brand mindfulness is accomplished by presenting the brand to however many potential shoppers as could be expected under the circumstances (Asker, 1 991 ). Sponsorship exercises present different open doors for accomplishing mindfulness targets, and a significant part of the exploration to Image creation model 145 International Marketing Review, Volvo. 14 No. 3, 1997, up. 145-158. Macintosh college press, 0265-1335 International Marketing Review date in the sponsorship writing has concentrated on mindfulness issues, for example, support review (e. G. McDaniel and Kinney, 1996). Deplorably, less consideration has been given to occasion and brand picture issues. Various inquiries exist with respect with the impact of sponsorship limited time exercises on brand and occasion picture. For instance: ; What elements add to an event’s picture? ; Do shoppers partner an event’s picture with supporting brands? ; If there is a picture relationship among occasion and support, is there a hypothetical clarification that can be utilized to comprehend this linkage? ; If there is a picture relationship among occasion and support, what components moderate (reinforce or debilitate) this relationship? How does occasion picture impact mentality towards the brand? In spite of the fact that endeavors at estimating the arrival on the sponsorship venture have been made (e. G. , complete occasion participation, leave surveys, deals following the occasion, and number of media makes reference to), a comprehension of how sponsorship â€Å"works† presently can't seem to be created (Octahedron and Van Kirk, 1992; Cavalry et al. , 1994; Memorable gree nish blue . , 1991; Parker, 1991). The motivation behind this article is to introduce a model clarifying the components by which brand picture might be affected through sponsorship exercises. In particular, drawing on the hypothesis of importance rareness from the superstar support writing, a model is introduced which recommends the elements associated with making an event’s picture and the ensuing exchange of that picture to the supporting brand. Besides, a few variables are recognized that may direct the connection between occasion picture and brand picture. While the focal point of this article is on the calculated improvement of picture move in sponsorship, an assortment of research recommendations are offered to control future experimental request. A structure for the exchange of occasion picture Model conceptualization and review Brand picture has been characterized as â€Å"perceptions about brand as reflected by the brand affiliations held in memory’ (Keller, 1993, p. 3). Keller proposes that the fluctuation, uniqueness, and quality of the affiliations are basic to a brand’s achievement. Brand affiliations are created from an assortment of sources including item use, educational sources (e. G. , promoting, bundling, informal), and relationship with different elements. The â€Å"association with other entities† source is of specific pertinence to sponsorship action. Keller has recommended that when a brand becomes related with an occasion, a portion of the affiliations connected with the occasion (e. . , young, unwinding, pleasant, baffling, modern, tip top, and so forth ) may get connected in memory with the brand. This exchange of affiliations is reliable with look into in the VIP underwriting process. Beginning examination with respect to VIP support concentrated on the believability and engaging quality of the message source (I. E. Superstar) to clarify the influential idea of endorsers. That is, increasingly solid and alluring endorsers were seen as progressively enticing. In any case, McCracken (1989), highlighting clashing examination results, recommended that support viability is better clarified by the â€Å"meanings† customers partner with the superstar endorser and consequently move to the brand. McCracken utilizes the term â€Å"meaning† to depict consumers’ generally speaking evaluations of what a VIP â€Å"represents† dependent on counterblasts sun as social class, sexual orientation, age, character Ana Testily. In singular qualities (e. . , grand, trashy, maleness, solid, mindful, sexual, contemptuous, insightful) are incorporated to characterize the significance of the big name. Which means which has been collected through their jobs in â€Å"television, motion pictures, military, games, ND other careers† is thought to dwell in VIPs (McCracken, 1989, p. 315). As indicated by McCracken, the significance credited to superstars moves from the big name endorser to the item when the two are combined in an ad. That is, implications related with the big name become related with the item in the brain of the customer. To finish the importance move process, purchasers procure the significance in the item through utilization. This procedure is represented in Figure 1. 147 Figure 1 . Which means development in the underwriting procedure McCracken (1989) â€Å"meaning† in big names is undifferentiated from Seller’s (1993) occasion affiliations. Following the show put forth by Keller concerning brand picture, this article utilizes the term occasion â€Å"image† to speak to the combined understanding of implications or affiliations ascribed to occasions by customers. An examination can be drawn between big name endorsers and occasions. Similarly as buyers partner big names with specific implications, so too are occasions related with specific properties and perspectives. It is recommended here that these affiliations are gotten from the event’s type, occasion attributes, and a few individual customer factors. This isn't not normal for the significance ascribed to a VIP being framed by the different jobs the person in question possesses. For instance, occasion affiliations credited to the yearly Chicago Blues Festival (a food and melodic party drawing more than 500,000 individuals) may incorporate custom, festival and urban pride. You read A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer in classification Papers Extending this idea of importance move from the big name endorser writing, it is proposed that occasions demonstration in a way practically equivalent to endorsers in the exchange of picture to supporting brands. The system introduced in Figure 2 guesses from McCracken superstar support model to recommend that International Marketing Review 14,3 148 Figure 2. A model of picture creation and picture move in occasion sponsorship occasion picture is framed from various outside and inward factors. Through sponsorship, an event’s picture, which might be generally unmistakable for various shopper gatherings, might be moved through relationship to the supporting item. As showed in the figure, a few variables may direct the quality of this picture move. This conversation prompts the contribution of the principal investigate recommendation: Pl : Through sponsorship, an event’s picture will become related with the supporting Winged serpent ‘s Image. Determinants of occasion picture An event’s picture is spoken to by a specific market segment’s generally speaking emotional view of the action. The proposed structure recommends three factors that may affect one’s impression of a specific occasion: occasion type, occasion qualities, and individual elements. Occasion type . As per the prior definition, occasion type can be sorted into in any event five zones: sports related, music related, celebration/reasonable related, expressive arts related (e. G. Artful dance, workmanship show, theater, and so on ), and proficient gathering/public expo related. The sort of occasion impacts occasion picture in an assortment of ways. To start with, it evokes picture relationship in the psyche of the purchaser. That is, most people, through past support or different types of introduction (informal, TV, and so forth ) will build up certain mentalities (I. E. , positive or negative inclinations towa rds an occasion) with respect to specific occasions. These perspectives will serve to outline the picture of the specific occasion type. Note in any case, that one’s mentality towards an occasion is just a single piece of an event’s picture. One’s disposition towards an occasion speaks to an outline of encounters bringing about some mineral inclination to react to an occasion in a reliably ideal or horrible way. In this way, occasion demeanor is a suffering assessment (Cohen, 1990). While an event’s picture will be emphatically affected by one’s disposition towards the occasion, occasion picture will likewise be sway

Business admin assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business administrator task 1 - Essay Example It is likewise viewed as one of the most appreciated organizations in the United States since numerous individuals perceive its presentation and vital arranging (Dowling, 2008). This is for the most part found in the methodologies that are utilized in upgrading its business sectors. This has been generally credited by globalization. Initially, globalization has assumed a significant job in extending the exhibition of apple inc. This has been acknowledged as there is expanded rivalry from the enterprise. With the enlistment of globalization, numerous companies think that its simple to enter into different markets (Berry, 2005). All things considered, they have the lawfulness of selling their items in all business sectors over the globe. With enlistment of their items in such markets, numerous individuals approach an assortment of items which are accessible in the market. Since the populace has an assortment of items, they have the freewill of picking the best quality items. This will positively affect the nature of items that are sold in the market. Correspondingly, this is a chance to decrease any odds of partnerships hoarding a market. Imposing business models have direct authority over the market and may almost certainly gracefully unacceptable items. In any case, with the enlistment of Apple Inc in the market, the enterprise has had the option to give the market unrivaled items. This has been getting up call for different organizations that might want to rule the market. Besides, globalization has assumed a significant job in guaranteeing there are economies of enormous scope creation. Organizations have been expressing that the expenses of creations are heightening as time passes. In any case, huge organizations have expressed that economies of enormous scope creation are the main answer for successful creation. This has been demonstrated by Apple Corporation as it appreciates huge scope creation. This lessens the expense of creation, cost of work and diffe rent random costs. Thusly, the companies can create excellent items to the market at a moderate cost. Likewise, the company can make generous benefits that are utilized in development (Berry, 2005). In numerous examples, enterprises furrow back benefits into the business with the embodiment of expanding creation. Notwithstanding improving the presentation of the companies, globalization has helped these enterprises to build seriousness. Obviously, this has helped numerous enterprises to reexamine client needs and their qualities. In actuality, numerous clients in the market are currently understanding the cost viability of globalization through creation of better items that are of high caliber. All things considered, clients feel that their needs and inclinations are drawn closer in a good way. Thirdly, globalization has helped numerous enterprises including Apple Corporation to understand the inspiration of area adaptability. When there is globalization, numerous companies think th at its suitable to grow their organizations to other undiscovered markets. These business sectors give a generous interest market to their items as they want to buy such items. At long last, the company benefits generously as it expands its benefits. Also, the company understands the decrease in expenses of creation. For example, when they start another plant in a region, they utilize locally accessible work, materials and different assets in the equivalent

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About College Personal Statement Essay Samples and How It Can Affect You

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About College Personal Statement Essay Samples and How It Can Affect You The Debate Over College Personal Statement Essay Samples Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium as a way to study the EU. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. College goals the way the personality traits. Colleges wish to realize what you're interested in and how you intend to work towards your aims. Thus, in the event you apply to many institutions or courses, you'd want to compose a one of a kind Personal Statement for every one of them. Thus, State University isn't only the ideal spot for me, it is the sole location for me. Most universities will list Personal Statement guides on their websites too, just to provide you with a thought of what it is that they're searching for. The Nuiances of College Personal Statement Essay Samples In the event you were a class president, you may want to write about that. Think of why you wish to attend. Students must prepare just about every single motion that choose and don't have free time for her or his private lifetime. Prior to beginning, the very first thing you ought to see is that the personal statement has become the most significant part your admissions package. A personal statement shouldn't be egotistical, but it shouldn't be modest. It is not a confessional booth. In some instances, your personal statement is going to be focused not on why you need to attend a school program but instead on who you are and why you'd be the proper fit. What You Must Know About College Personal Statement Essay Samples You are able to generate a similar selection of essay regardless of what type the quetion requires. Any numbers you're able to give to demonstrate your success could be crucial even when you're moving into a place where your expertise might appear slightly different. Actually, you're going to be in a position to fulfill while using the author on line and speak about your research. Just because of the fact there are several alternate alternatives for what to put in writing about, additionally, you'll locate distinctive methods of approaching an audio essay. College essays are crucial for academic and admission purposes so once you intend to crack an examination you may require assist. Admissions offic ers wish to understand what's important to you and how your background has shaped you as an individual. In addition to its growing cultural and ethnic diversity, State University is turning into a master at developing a niche for each student. Too many applicants write the things that they think an admissions committee would like to hear. There are hundreds and hundreds of universities and colleges. Many colleges ask for just one essay. Some universities are a bit picky when it has to do with admitting new applicants. It definitely just isn't uncomplicated to create a crucial essay since it requirements a considerable quantity of your time and comprehension. It genuinely is simply not effortless to make a vital essay as it demands a substantial quantity of your time and comprehension. Because that undertaking is intimidating, it's often hard to determine where to get started. Provide power and liveliness when sharing about a specific lesson you learned or an obstacle in your life and the way you could overcome it. Application essays and individual statements enable you to tell a narrative. These seven sample essays respond to a wide range of thought-provoking questions. A college application essay is simply a pe rsuasive essay in which you are working to persuade your reader which you would make an exceptional college student. Take a look at the descriptive essay examples from the site and find a notion for yourself. If, on the flip side, you simply touch on a wide array of topics, you'll wind up with an essay that reads more like a resume. Lots of people truly do not understand how to compose a fantastic personal statement essay. Regardless of what you do, don't ever recycle these essays for at least 1 school. At our essay assistance, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. Tactics to compose a personal statement and the very best essays are the ones which are definitely the most unique. In lots of ways it's one of the toughest essays you will write. Your statement of purpose is the way by which you will make yourself stick out from. Other red flags are not as obvious. Essentially, you're figure out how to coordinate while using the author on line and go over your assignments. Truly, you will can coordinate employing the author on line and speak about your assignments.

Top 80s Music Bands with Colorful Names

Fast Food Advertisements Should Be Banned - 872 Words

In discussions of fast food ads, one controversial issue has been that fast food ads can be held responsible for childhood obesity. On the other hand, most people contend that fast food ads shouldn’t be banned because there are a lot of people who love fast food. Others even maintain that if people banned fast food ads, children will go more into the drugs instead of fast food. My own view is that fast food ads shouldn’t be banned. I know that fast food ads can manipulate children and adults to buy food which can make someone to fall into the temptation of its addiction, and make some people to get into serious health problems. If we know how to control what we eat, obesity shouldn’t not be an excuse to banned fast food ads. Besides, by banning fast food ads, people will not reduce the consumption of fast food. When we say to banned fast food ads we are referring just to its types of advertisements. Fast food ads include all kinds of methods to manipulate people to consumed and buy fast food. Some common types of advertised fast food are celebrities announcing unhealthy foods, T.V commercials, newspapers, magazines, and sings posted aside of the highways. When people consumed too much junk food, their risk to become obese increases. Obesity is a world’s problem because it brings a lot of health problems with it. According to a new report; â€Å"eating fast food can cause depression. Another big issue is that the high calories in these kinds of foods causeShow MoreRelatedAdvertisements: A Threat to Our Little Ones1209 Words   |  5 Pagesactions that are unmonitored such as watching advertisements, which may ruin their efforts completely. The journal of the American Medical Association said that on average children between the age of two and seventeen watch up to 15000 to 18000 hours of television a year (Bagdikian, 2000, p.36). 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Long Test in Philippine Literature in English Sample Essay Example For Students

Long Test in Philippine Literature in English Sample Essay Modified True or False: Read the undermentioned statements. If the sentence is true. write Thymine on the infinite provided. If the sentence is false. underscore the word or phrase that makes the sentence incorrect and compose the right reply on the infinite provided. ( 20 points ) 1. Literature is the contemplation of History because the inside informations it gives to historical events are literally meaningful. 2. The history of a state can be learned in its fundamental law. in its Torahs. and in its political statements. But to cognize the history of a nation’s spirit. you must read its literature. For through it. you can detect how the people of a state have reacted to the events around them. 3. Nick Joaquin’s The God Stealer illustrates the battle a modern native Ifugao and his ways of get bying with the challenges and demands of civilization and modernisation. 4. The Aroma of Apples shows that Filipinos go and live abroad because the Philippines is a state without hope. 5. Aida Rivera Ford’s Hunger characterizes how the Filipino society is both hapless and promising. 6. Francisco Icasiano’s The God Stealer uses the construct of cultural disaffection to conscienticise the Filipinos as respects their excessively much sense of colonial outlook. 7. For Aida Rivera Ford. wealth and comfort in life are non plenty to rise up up a kid as it was reflected in her short narrative. Hunger. 8. That Bienvenido Santos is the false supporter in The Scent of Apples emphasizes the truth that a literary piece can non get away reflecting the author’s life and surroundings. 9. Esa. in The Chieftest Mourner. is a Feminist. 10. Miss Noel. an idealistic English instructor from Pugad Lawin. decided to go forth the school after she saw the world of the instruction system upon the trial of the school supervisors. Modified Multiple Choices: Choose the missive of your reply for the undermentioned points. Each of the options is right. nevertheless with matching points ; 5 for highest and 1 for the lowest. ( 50 points ) 1. The dead poet’s niece is the chieftest griever because she. A. lost her favorite uncle B. did non hold a opportunity to be mentored by her uncle C. is the incarnation of the dual criterion society D. is enchanted by the enigma of Esa. the fancy man E. is sad for her widowed aunty 2. Miss Noel’s being idealistic is. A. baseless B. hopeless C. hapless D. principled E. baronial 3. For F. Sionil Jose. success and modernness. A. are evil B. can non be achieved unless cultural individuality is wholly disregarded C. may still be achieved without needfully burying one’s roots D. cause the Westerners to be attracted to alien objects E. imperil cultural roots due to their imperialistic nature 4. Wendy’s unfixed shoe strap shows that. A. her parents do non love her B. she is all entirely C. irresponsible parentage is across socio-economic position D. rich childs have their ain portion of jobs E. hapless kids are better than rich 1s 5. The God Stealer pictures the important human experience which says that. A. blood is thicker than H2O B. the ground for the hunt of individuality is guilt and confusion C. success can non compare the benefits of true individuality D. the past is like a shade that will forever hangout anyone who tries to abandon it E. one can non get away the roots of his/her cultural individuality 6. â€Å"The Chieftest Mourner† . â€Å"Hunger† . and â€Å"The Visitation of the Gods† portion the subject. . A. Filipino young person needs extreme counsel and way .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b , .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .postImageUrl , .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b , .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b:hover , .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b:visited , .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b:active { border:0!important; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b:active , .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9207b71be5d9dec045446902a906b01b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Years of Journalism EssayB. Philippine society is comparatively immature in footings of managing delicate societal issues C. Filipino mind is like a kid that looks for its parents for function mold D. Filipinos suffer jobs from different degrees and gravitations E. immature people are ever present in the Philippines 7. Wendy is the prototype of a. A. fatherless coevals B. motherless coevals C. coevals that needs counsel and attending D. coevals that is ever discontented E. clip when people have to work harder to last 8. The name Philip Latak is symbolic of. A. the continuity of the native tradition B. the insisting of the western civilization C. the ambiguity of the modern Filipino individuality D. the mixture of civilizations E. the loss of Filipino individuality 9. The lines â€Å"Surely all these old ages. he must hold held on to certain thoughts. certain beliefs even semblances peculiar to the expatriate. † illustrate. A. haughtiness B. realisation C. disaffection D. understanding E. empathy 10. â€Å"At that minute before fled. I saw what I had waited to see. The mascara had so run down her cheeks. But somehow it wasn’t amusing at all† . Above are the concluding lines of the short narrative â€Å"The Chieftest Mourner† . which reveal a major feature of the storyteller being. A. empathetic B. childish C. funny D. concerned E. scoffer Enumeration: Give what each of the undermentioned points asks for. Incorrect spelling is incorrect. ( 15 points ) 1-2. Genre of Literature 3-7. Elementss of Fiction 8-12. Partss of a Plot 13-15. Definition of Stream of Consciousness

Recovering Energy from Waste

Should Gay Be Allowed To Marry Essays - Human Sexuality, Gender

Should Gay Be Allowed To Marry Essays - Human Sexuality, Gender Should Gay Be Allowed To Marry Over time, marriage has been the solid base for procreation and child rearing, which is the foundation of family and social life. There is recognition that allowing polygamous or closely related couples into our marriage system would be dysfunctional in our society. Does this not apply to same-sex marriage as well? The social unacceptability of same-sex marriage, the danger of contracting AIDS, and the bad influence on children prove that same-sex marriage should not be legalized. Homosexual activists, approximately three percent of our population, argue that those who do not agree with them are homophobic orheterosexist. However, that argument is merely prejudiced against society. Todays society can certainly have its own opinion. The rightsand laws of homosexuals are ultimately restricted. Congresss litigation now describes laws that prevent gays and lesbians from marrying,procreating, or adopting (Williams 299). Marriage, as well as adoption, is considered a privilege; those who marry or adopt must obey the laws. No examples in past history occur in which same-sex unions were given the equal rights and legal recognition as heterosexual unions (Kaplan 16). Factually, recent polls state that two-thirds of American adults oppose same-sex unions in which the homosexuals are given rights such as tax breaks, Social Security, divorce rights, hospital visits, custody, or inheritance. In a different poll taken, American adults were asked if homosexual marriage should be legal; sixty-four percent stated no, while only twenty-nice percent said yes. The same group of adults were also asked about homosexual adoption. Fifty-seven percent said no, while thirty-five percent agreed (Cloud 44). Broadening our systematic form of marriage weakens it. on a different note, the number of gays (males) exceeds the number of lesbians, and legalizing same-sex marriage may result in male domination, defeating the womans role in society. A hierarchy of gay marriage holding more economic power and social status could become, overcoming even all heterosexual unity (Williams 317). The main reason the state is interested in marriage has been to provide financial and emotional security, as well as role models for children. In the current marriage system of only opposite-sex unity, the protection of procreation is properly emphasized. However, over the last century heterosexual marriage has declined because notions of what makes a good man or woman have changed, resulting in self-fulfillment elsewhere than in marriage and family. The symbolism of homosexual marriage is also disturbing. For example, a lesbian or gay wedding has a heavy symbolic message on all guests that attend, including children, cooks, and waiters. Generations to come will remember the homosexual wedding as part of their friends or loved ones lifestyle. Even though some homosexual unions may raise children better than some heterosexuals, the homosexual union is a symbolic attack of the norm of society and highly unaccepted by society. It is a known fact that homosexuals are ultimately discriminated. Even in San Francisco, California, where gays are populous, the homosexuals routinely experience discrimination, hate, and rejection. These factors also show that same-sex marriage is unaccepted by society. Surely, if same-sex marriage becomes a natural reality, then bisexual and three-some marriages will follow. What will become of society? The AIDS virus plays a very significant part in homosexuality. The persons with the highest risk of contracting the AIDS virus are gay or bisexual white males (Williams 305). This AIDS virus is spread continuously because the gay individual may either not know he is HIV positive or may choose not to inform his sexual partner. Both ways are equally dangerous, especially since gays often have multiple sex partners. Since AIDS is most commonly spread by bodily fluids, the HIV virus is most common for sexually active individuals. Consider the case of the North family. They married in 1982 but separated in 1991 when Mr. North admitted to an affair with another woman. He learned he was HIV positive in April 1991, but continued to have unprotected sexual intercourse with his wife until his June confession. After a years separation, Mr. North revealed that there was no other woman; he had engaged in homosexual activities beginning in 1979, continuing through his marriage, and he and his homosexual lover- also HIV positive- intended to inform the children about his new lifestyle. Mrs. North then filed for divorce and asked that visitation be limited to protect the children from the possibility of contracting HIV. She believed that because

Societal marketing concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Societal marketing concept - Essay Example This might also help in enhancement of the total sale and profitability of the organization in the entire market as compared to others. Hence, it might be depicted from the above mentioned points that customers act as the focal point of any organization operating in any segment. Thus, the motive of achieving organizational goals and profits might be attained mainly through customer satisfaction and loyalty as compared to other aspects. Characteristics of marketing concept According to Kotler & Armstrong (2010) the concept of marketing is changing rapidly in this age of globalization and industrialization. In this age, marketing concept is entirely dependent over customer values and satisfaction that might be witnessed in four different stages such as production concept, product concept, selling concept and societal marketing concept. Production concept According to the strategies of previous era, the demand of the product is entirely dependent over its features and price. This means that, if the underlining features of the product are praiseworthy or satisfactory then it would surely be liked by the customers of varied age groups and income groups. However, in today’s age, the concept of production has entirely changed. Now, the demand of any specific product might be retained in the market only by presenting the desired features within it. So that, the target customers of the product might get satisfied entirely thereby amplifying the efficiency and productivity of the organization to a certain extent (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). Along with this, good customer service is also another important aspect that might act as a backbone in enhancing the reliability and loyalty of the product among other substitutes. For example: the management of Macdonald’s always tries to present varied types of nutrients such as cheese, chilies, nuts and many others so as to satisfy the changing demands of the customers. As well as the management also desires to presen t warm greetings to its customers so as to retain them for longer period of time. Only then, the popularity and demand of the products and the organization might remain dominant in the market among other and the rate of switch over costs of the customers towards other brands (Burger King) might be reduced significantly in this aggressive market among others. Thus it might be stated that relationship marketing and customer oriented products acts as the prime essence of today’s publicity concept. Product Concept In order to retain sustainability and competitive advantage, most of the organizations in this era desire to present value-added products at a lowest price. This strategy acts as a stimulating factor thereby enhancing the demand of the products of the organization such as HP as compared to others. Along with this, such a competitive strategy might also prove effective in satisfying the demands and needs of the customers thereby amplifying their level of loyalty (Tiddy & Bessant, 2010). Apart from this, the organization of HP also desires to implement the strategy of presenting qualitative products so as to retain its dominance and fame in the segment of electronics among many other existing rivals (Porter, 1986). Selling Concept In this age of stiff economy and tough competition, the insurance organizations such ICICI Prudential, Kotak Mahindra are striving hard to create a strong foothold in this market. However, this might be possible only by enhancing the rate of satisfaction

BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETIC ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETIC ANALYSIS - Essay Example This is mainly attributed to accumulation of pollutant along the path of river and hence bacterial population need to evolved catabolic capability to survive and hence more plasmid bearing bacterial population were found in second sample. Similarly most of the plasmid was found to be in size range more than 35 KB clearly indicates most of them are Conjugative plasmids as this group of plasmid has more number of genes compared to non-conjugative plasmid to carryout conjugation process and hence larger the size. Here re-suspension solution constitutes of glucose, EDTA and Tris each have its own role. Glucose provides osmotic stress and EDTA as chelating agents which binds to heavy metals and helps in disintegration of cell wall, Tris act as buffering agent and maintains pH of over all reactions to avoid any pH dependent side reaction. In this stage cell become highly fragile and some are break open. This solution is mixture of SDS and NaOH. Here NaOH provides alkaline condition which helps in cell lyses and denaturation of DNA while SDS dissolves cell wall constituents and induces extensive cell lyses. It also helps in proteins denaturation and precipitation. In this stage most of cell constituents get denatured including genomic DNA, But as plasmid is in its CCC (covalently closed circular) forms will not denatured completely and most of them remains in its native configuration. Step 4: Neutralisation Solution Here potassium acetate and acetic acid act as neutralizing agent to bring back the pH to normal. Similarly it induces the renaturation of DNA. Because of larger size most of the Genomic DNA remains denatured and mingled with proteins remains with cell debris while plasmid being smaller molecule except out to supernatant . Step 5: centrifugation at high speed; During this stage all cell derbies along with genomic DNA settled at the bottom of tube and being smaller in size plasmid remains in supernatant. Which subsequently used for further purification and transformation. Ans 3 protocol 6: Here we have two different observation 1) colonies from tube 2 grown as blue colored colonies 2) while from tube 3 there is mixture of blue and white. This can be explained as follows. In case of tube 2 there is only vector pGEM3Z used for transformation. The plasmid pGEM3Z have lacZ gene as marker which code for enzyme called beta glycosidase. After transformation cells where plated on LA supplemented with X-gal and IPTG. Now in presence of IPTG expression of lac Z induces and leads to synthesis of beta-glycosidase which subsequently acts on X-gal and cleaved it to chromogenic intermediate give rise to blue color. While in case of tube 3 there was plasmid vector along with insert gene (ligation mixture) and plated on similar plate after transformation. As vector pGEM3Z having MCS (multiple cloning sites) in side the lacZ gene any insertion or recombination leads to inactivation of lacZ (insertional inactivation). Inactive lacZ will not code for functional beta glycosidase and hence colonies having insertion give rise to white colors. In another scenario where cut plasmid re-ligated without any insertion during

Obstacles to negotiation Essay Example for Free

Obstacles to negotiation Essay Sometimes people fail to negotiate because they do not recognize that they are in a bargaining position. They may fail to identify a good opportunity for negotiation, and may use other options that do not allow them to manage their problems as effectively. Or, they may recognize the need for bargaining but may bargain poorly because they do not fully understand the process and lack good negotiating skills. In such cases, getting parties to participate in negotiations is a very challenging process. In addition, both parties must be ready to negotiate if the process is to succeed. If efforts to negotiate are initiated too early, before both sides are ready, they are likely to fail. Then the conflict may not be open to negotiation again for a long time. Before they will negotiate, parties must be aware of their alternatives to a negotiated settlement. They must believe that a negotiated solution would be preferable to continuing the current situation, that a fair settlement can be reached, and that the balance of forces permits such an agreement. Weaker parties must feel assured that they will not be overpowered in a negotiation, and parties must trust that their needs and interests will be fairly considered in the negotiation process. In many cases, conflicts become ripe for negotiation when both sides realize that they cannot get what they want through a power struggle and that they have reached a hurting stalemate. This means that a potential agreement exists that would benefit both sides more than their alternatives do. However, parties must first explore their various interests, options, and alternatives. In addition, each side must believe that the other side is willing to compromise. If the parties regard each other with suspicion and mistrust, they may conclude that the other side is not committed to the negotiation process and may withdraw. The dilemma of trust concerns how much you should believe of what the other party tells you. If you believe everything this person says, then he or she could take advantage of you. But if you believe nothing this other person says, then reaching an agreement will be very difficult. The search for an optimal solution is greatly aided if parties trust each other and believe that they are being treated honestly and fairly. In many cases, the negotiators relationship becomes entangled with the substantive issues under discussion. Any misunderstanding that arises between them will reinforce their prejudices and arouse their emotions. If parties believe that the fulfillment of their basic needs is threatened, they may begin to blame each other and may break off communication. As the issue becomes more personalized, perceived differences are magnified and cooperation becomes unlikely. In addition, parties may maintain their commitment to a course of action even when that commitment constitutes irrational behavior on their part. Once they have adopted a confrontational approach, negotiators may seek confirming evidence for that choice and ignore contradictory evidence. To combat perceptual bias and hostility, negotiators should attempt to gain a better understanding of the other partys perspective and try to see the situation as the other side sees it. Finally, if the right people are not involved in negotiations, the process is not likely to succeed. First, all of the interested and affected parties must be represented. Second, negotiators must truly represent and have the trust of those they are representing. If a party is left out of the process, they may become angry and argue that their interests have not been taken into account. Negotiators must therefore be sure to consult with their constituents and to ensure that they adequately deal with constituents concerns. http://www. beyondintractability. org/essay/negotiation (2007). In the above discussion, we can derive that in negotiation, an upfront attitude with a clear understanding of good faith, will pave way for an individual to succeed in the process and be straightforward with what he or she wants. This is a very important tool in marketing, especially in this stage of globalization where one needs to deliver the core competencies of his products and sell it to the world – whether under compromise or in conflict with the rest. Negotiation is more so affected with the nature of the product – again, if it is indeed answering or meeting a demand at the right place and at the right time. Armed with sufficient knowledge in negotiation skills and practices, this is deemed useful in marketing and ins strategizing on how to penetrate the market without spoiling it, given one’s steady relationship with his competitors and existing industry members. Further in this paper, the theories or practices discussed will set as guiding principles in staging the industry of bio-cosmetics in the market with a clear and receptive approach of the major players. Such major player is the environment of the product it will be introduced or the environment it is currently in. Environments play a huge role in determining the business prospects of the company. In this regard, it is also necessary to understand the life history theory of a product which will attempt to demonstrate the many aspects of an environment – all influencing or changing the life of a product (see appended illustration below for the Life History Theory): Source: Joseph (2000:6-30).

White-Collar Crime Essay -- Crime

Businesses are vulnerable to a variety of internal and external crime that affects an organization’s performance. White-collar crime is a problem affecting businesses in the U.S. and around the world, costing billions of dollars in lost revenue every year. This paper will identify the types of employee crimes focusing on theft and the perpetrators; examine the impact to businesses and explore how business can deal with these offenses. Mr. Smith places some extra highlighters and colored paper in his briefcase from the office’s supply closet for young Billy to use on his school project. Joanne has returned to her desk a 15 minutes late from her lunch break and is now surfing the web for airfare while on the phone long distance with her ailing grandmother to discuss plans to see her next month. Leonard supplements his hourly wage from working nights at the gas station by sneaking a couple scratch-off lottery tickets off the roll when the owner isn’t around. Mrs. Sara Swindle has been defrauding union members by diverting dues for her own use. Some of these examples may not necessarily be prosecuted or even discovered but nonetheless are examples of employee theft or white-collar crime. Businesses face a myriad of internal threats for their success; the focus for this paper is theft; including theft of cash, inventory and equipment. Other types of employee crime include: writing company checks, money laundering, processing fraudulent invoices, payroll fraud, falsifying revenue reports, customer identity theft, intellectual property theft, overstated expense reports and credit card fraud (Bressler, 2011). Long before credit card fraud and identity theft, business owners dealt with theft. There is a no more clear exampl... ...activity and its impact on business. The Entrepreneurial Executive, 16, 49-61. Retrieved from http://0-search.proquest.com.oak.indwes.edu/docview/885012416?accountid=6363 Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S., Naffziger, D. W., & Hodgetts, R. M. (2000). Crime and Small Business: An Exploratory Study of Cost and Prevention Issues in U.S. Firms. Journal Of Small Business Management, 38(3), 1-13. Retrieved from http://0-web.ebscohost.com.oak.indwes.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=56e11fdb-9475-4a64-9062-e0c057beace7%40sessionmgr11&vid=21&hid=15 Larson, E. (1985, January 14). Crook's tool: Computers turn out to be valuable aid in employee crime --- machines facilitate stealing, extortion and sabotage; west coast's robin hood --- you don't trust anybody. The Wall Street Journal, p. 1. Retrieved from http://0-search.proquest.com.oak.indwes.edu/docview/397889148?accountid=6363

Islamic Banking

[pic] ISLAMIC BANKING: IS IT REALLY â€Å"ISLAMIC†? By: Omar Mustafa Ansari & Faizan Ahmed Memon Is it really Islamic? †¦. In this era of development and growth in Islamic finance and banking, this is a question being raised at every forum by various quarters. All those who raise this question, are undoubtedly well-wishers of Islam, Islamic economic system and Muslim Ummah. Accordingly, while we celebrate the achievements of Islamic banking on one hand, we should not be ignoring the issues and objections being raised by such quarters in order to ensure that we lay the foundations of this industry on strong, straight and acceptable-to-all footings. Objectives Of Islamic Banking Before discussing various objections raised on the present day Islamic banking, we should first try to understand the objectives of Islamic banking, which are as follows: 1. To provide Shariah compliant and prudent banking opportunities; hence providing an opportunity to Muslims to do their banking transactions – a Halal way: In other words, this is just an effort to avoid Riba and other prohibited elements from commercial and banking transactions, in order to ensure that we do â€Å"Nothing-Haram†; and 2. Achieving the goals and objectives of an Islamic economic system. We all can agree that, given the circumstances, the Islamic banking industry is making all efforts to ensure the first objective, while the second objective, although no-less important, is not the prime objective of current-day Islamic banking. History Of Islamic Banking Modern banking system was introduced in Muslim countries at a time when they were politically and economically slave to the western world. The main banks of the western world established their branches and subsidiaries in the Muslim countries and territories to fulfill requirements of foreign business. The Muslim community generally avoided the foreign banks for religious reasons but with the passage of time, it became more and more difficult to engage in trade and other activities without making use of commercial banks. Even then, a large number of Muslims, confined their involvement to transaction activities such as current account or hundred percent cash margin letter of credits. Borrowings from commercial banks or placement the access funds and saving accounts were strictly avoided by practicing Muslims in order to keep away from dealing in interest which is prohibited by Islam. With the passage of time, however, due to increase in cross-border transactions and other socio-economic forces demanding more involvement in national economic and financial activities, avoiding the interaction with the banks became impossible. Local banks were established in Muslim countries (including the names like Muslim Commercial Bank) on the same lines as the interest-based foreign banks and they began to expand within the country bringing the banking system to more and more people. Governments, businesses and individuals began to transact business with the banks, with or without liking it. This state of affairs drew the attention and concern of Muslim intellectuals which gave emergence to the contemporary Islamic banking. By the midst of the last century, many Muslim countries started their efforts to adopt the Islamic economic and banking systems. Many scholars, economist and experienced bankers came with different solutions to initiate the Islamic banking. Those experiences paved the route for modern Islamic banking. Nowadays Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) are spread all over the world including European countries and the United States. In particular these have their significant presence in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, other GCC countries, Malaysia, Sudan and Iran. Who Raise The Questions? Islamic banking is a weak industry†¦. In respect of resources, in respect of knowledge-bases, in respect of trained-knowledgeable-sincere human resources, in respect of availability of commercial options, in respect of state support, as well as, society support, in respect of sincerity of stake-holders and WHAT NOT. With such adverse footings, unfortunately, it really has certain weaknesses which are not only targeted by the enemies, but, are more severally and forcefully attacked by the FRIENDS. As a consequence, the Islamic banking and finance is facing disagreements from various quarters including certain â€Å"revolutionary† Islamic movements, certain â€Å"rigid† and â€Å"hard-core† religious scholars, and â€Å"idealistic† and â€Å"utopian† Islamic economists (without any disrespect to them all). Can Banking Ever Be Really Islamic? The first question is raised mostly by those who either do not have any knowledge about banking, or those who have the courage to evaluate the banking systems from its evolution to its objectives. They feel that the banking per-se is against the very basic concepts of Islam. They feel that just like the fact that there can not be any â€Å"Halal pork† or â€Å"Islamic prostitution†, there can be no â€Å"Halal banking†. This viewpoint is supported by the fact that, particularly in Pakistan, we have already faced a complete disaster in the name of interest-free banking and so-called IFIs particularly including Modarabas. The argument, as to whether Islamic banking is really Islamic, has two different facets. The first one is that whatever is being performed in the name of Islamic banking is apparently quite similar to the operations of a conventional financial institution hence creates doubts in people’s mind, as to on what grounds we can call it Islamic? So they feel that it is merely a change in name and documents and in fact, it is nothing different from conventional banking. The second facet of this question is more important nd deals with the socio-economic factors associated with the overall Islamic financial system. Due to significance of these objections, we will discuss these two issues before looking for other arguments. Merely A Change In Name And Documents The most common and most discussed argument against contemporary Islamic banking is that there is â€Å"NO DIFFERENCE AT ALL† between the conventional banking and Islamic banking and this is merely a change of name and doc uments. The second argument, which is in-fact a derivative of the first argument, is that even in Islamic banking, the most common products being used e. g. Murabaha, Musawwama, Salam, Istisna, diminishing Musharaka and Ijara Muntahia Bittamleek are on fixed return basis. Even the Musharaka and Modaraba based products are engineered in a way that the profits are â€Å"virtually-fixed†. One should realize the fact that unless we can distinguish an Islamic bank from a conventional bank, it would be difficult for any of us to rely on the same. Particularly, it is observed that they try to make sure that their product is similar to the conventional products in all respects, even if for that purpose they have to incorporate a few provisions in these products which are not considered to be good or a few of them are considered Makrooh. In addition, their endeavors are focused towards minimization of their risk through every possible option and accordingly, the essence of Islamic finance which is based on risk taking is killed. We can note that most IFIs market their products on the models very much similar to those used by the conventional banks. As an example, an Ijara Muntahia Bittamleek transaction introduced by an IFI might be very similar to a finance lease transaction offered by a conventional leasing company, except for a difference of Takaful / insurance cost which in Islamic mode is to be borne by the lessee and accordingly, the same is built-in the rentals. The basic reason behind this similarity is to ensure three objectives. The first one, which is more important one, is to provide an â€Å"even playing ground† to the IFIs in order to ensure their survival in the overall banking system. The second one, is that even by IFIs, it has to be ensured that their shareholders and depositors get some return and preferably a return equivalent to those of conventional banks. And the third reason is to avoid arbitrage amongst Islamic and conventional financial systems which may be exploited by a few big-guns to get the benefit of the pricing difference between the two parallel financial systems. For such reason, time value of money concept is used for performance measurement and pricing of financial products. Most importantly, it should be kept in mind that in some areas Haram and Halal have a very small difference. For an example, only saying the name of Allah Almighty on an animal at the time of slaughter makes it Halal and permissible while by not saying that name we make it Haram or by just a few words of acceptance in Nikah, in presence of a few persons, a man and woman become Halal for each other. Similarly, if a transaction can be engineered in a way that the same becomes Shariah compliant, then we should not conclude that the same is Haram only due to its resemblance with the interest based financing. It is also pertinent to note that since the Islamic financial services sector is in its infancy phase, as compared to the conventional banking, we unfortunately have to follow the conventional system in the pattern of financial products and are still not in a position to invent absolutely new financial services. During the last few centuries, the conventional banking system has well read the human needs and psychology and has invented a considerable number of financial products and accordingly, it is not simple to just invent a new financial tool just for the purpose of inventing one. For example, if they have running finance and overdraft as a financing tool, we have invented an alternate to the same in form of Istijrar with Murabaha or Musharaka based running finance model. Similarly, if they use finance leases as a financing tool, we have converted the same in a Shariah compliant form in form of Ijara Muntahia Bittamleek or in form of Diminishing Musharaka. These are only two examples, but the tally is practically very high and for each interest based financial product except for those explicitly Haram, more than one alternates have been engineered. The objective of this discussion was just to emphasize that merely an amortization schedule similar to the one offered by a conventional bank, is not a basis for declaring a Halal product to be Haram. If just a pricing model or just the similarity of a cash-flow model makes the transaction Haram, what you will say regarding a conventional loan offered at a price much higher or much lower than the market prevailing rates for which the pricing model and the cash-flow model are not similar to those generally applied in the industry. Does anybody think that such dissimilarity will make it Halal? Accordingly, from Shariah principles it is rightly concluded that it is the substance of a transaction what makes it Halal or Haram and not a pricing model used to price the transaction or the cash-flow model used for the payments and repayments in monetary terms. Socio-Economic Effects Of Islamic Banking And Finance Second most significant argument from such group, predominantly by certain Islamic economists and certain Islamic revolutionary movements, is about the socio-economic factors of Islamic banking. They feel that since Islamic banking is also based on profit motive and in present form, it generally works on â€Å"virtually-fixed† return basis; hence the same cannot attribute anything-positive towards the socio-economic changes that Islam desires. This is a crucial question and, we believe that, every conscious Muslim will concur with the concerns of those who raise the same, although the conclusions derived by different people might vary. Nobody can argue that virtually-fixed return based banking, although being Shariah compliant, is not what has been desired by Islam as a complete way of living. In addition, the current-day Islamic banking is emphasizing more on consumer finance as compared to financing to SME sector, agricultural sector, and more importantly, on the micro-finance; hence, it is not contributing enough towards the â€Å"just and equitable monetary system† that Islam needs. Having due regard for these arguments, may we remind you that that the Islamic economic system is not something that can work in isolation of the geo-political and legislative system, as well as, and more importantly the society’s behavior towards the injunctions of Islamic Shariah in personal and collective matters. Accordingly, one can easily imagine that in an economy whereby most of the businessmen are not honest in fairly presenting the financial statements of their businesses, how difficult it is to introduce a profit and loss sharing based financial solution. Similarly, in most of the cases payment of Zakat and Sadaqat depends on the individual and particularly, in view of the gigantic volume of the black economy in the country, what can be expected even if a good system for Zakat and Ushr is introduced? It needs to be emphasized that only the change in banking system is not a solution to the overall revolution of economic system unless other facets of Islamic economic system, as well as, Islamic social system are not implemented simultaneously. Accordingly, the complete transition of economy to an Islamic economic system can be performed, when and only when, the overall consensus of the society is developed towards practical application of Shariah in all the facets of human life, particularly including the governmental, political and legislative structures. Despite such an unsatisfactory and rather discouraging attitude of the society towards application of Islamic Shariah, it should be noted that such a situation do not relieve a Muslim from the applicability of Shariah principles, but rather increases his responsibilities in the way that it becomes his duty not only to try to abide by all applicable Shariah requirements in his personal capacity but also to put his endeavors towards improvement in such system. Consequently, in case the Islamic banking, in your opinion, is not contributing enough towards betterment of society, you cannot blame the same alone. The responsibilities of the Muslim Ummah as a whole (or of the State) can not be expected to be borne by a single sector only, which, at this point of time is in its infancy stages. Is It Heela Banking? This is a general discussion at various forums that contemporary Islamic banking is based on Heelas. From Shariah perspective, a Heela is an option utilized to disobey the divine guidance through engineering the circumstances and playing with the facts and intentions. Having an insight into the industry, one can not disagree with this argument to certain extent, as it has been observed in a number of cases that in-fact, certain transactions are practically applied on this basis. Having said that; this argument should, however, not be used to blame the entire industry. We should acknowledge that the foundations of the industry have been built using the pillars which are directly derived from the Holy Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh. It is worth-noting that mostly, a Heela is applied in the â€Å"execution of a transaction† rather than â€Å"designing of a transaction†. In other words, we can safely conclude that application of Heelas in Islamic banking is not a weakness in the theories of Islamic banking, but actually is a matter of misuse / misinterpretation of basic Shariah guidance in respect of various Shariah compliant financial transactions. Accordingly, it needs to be emphasized that in order to support the growth of Islamic banking and finance on right footings, we need to strengthen the Shariah compliance mechanism for the industry. In addition, in the longer run, we need to eliminate the Islamic financial products which have the potential of misuse. Use Of Interest-Rate As Benchmark; Is It Halal? Critics, including scholars, as well as, economists, strongly condemn that most of IFIs while providing financing by way of any of the â€Å"Halal† transactions, determine their profit rate on the basis of the current interest-rate benchmarks prevailing in the conventional money market. Scholars are of the view that by applying these benchmarks, the Islamic banking industry makes their transactions â€Å"similar† to interest-based transactions and as a consequence, these transactions become doubtful from Shariah point-of-view. Economists feel further issues and that and are of he view that this thing makes these financial institutions a part of the prevailing capitalistic economic systems, hence this sort of transactions are absolutely not desirable by Islam. Here it would be worthwhile to have a look on the arguments by the Islamic banking for better understanding of the pricing issue. They generally give examples like; s uppose you enter into a supermarket in UK and see that the pork, the beef and the Halal beef are all being sold for GBP 2 per kg. Do you think that this similarity of price or the fact that these products are being sold under the same roof renders the Halal beef as Haram? Or for example; in the same superstore you note that they are using the same balance for weighing these three types of meat. Do you think that using the same balance will render the Halal beef, as Haram? If not, then we should better understand the principle that it is the substance and legal form of the transaction that makes it Halal or Haram and not its pricing, rate or the cash-flow model or the institution, or even the environment that offers such transaction. This issue, however, needs to be addressed by the government, as well as, the market players. A strong Islamic inter-bank market will InshaAllah provide us opportunities to develop our own benchmarks for Islamic banking operations. Dealing of Islamic Banks with Conventional Banks Another strong argument against Islamic banking is against dealing with conventional banks. These dealings are of two types i. e. sharing of services and commercial transactions. As far as services are concerned, where the Islamic Banks are facilitating the foreign businesses of their customer or helping out their customers to transfer the money from safe channels. For these services, the remuneration or expense of Islamic banks is service charges which are allowed by Shariah jurists, although they recommend that such interaction should be avoided wherever IFIs are available. The second argument which is much strong is regarding the commercial transactions with conventional financial institutions. These transactions generally relate to the treasury side of the Bank whereby either the IFIs place their excess liquidity with the conventional banks or obtain financings from them to meet their own liquidity requirements. For placement of funds with conventional banks most of Islamic banks in Pakistan are using the product of Commodity Murabaha or they invest in certain â€Å"Halal assets† of the conventional financial institutions. On the other hand, they normally obtain financings from the conventional banks on the basis of profit and loss sharing, although the profit rates are once again â€Å"virtually-fixed†. Although, most of the Shariah scholars have allowed these transactions duly considering the Shariah requirements, however, nobody can argue that it is a must to avoid all such transactions. For this purpose, however, we need to strengthen the Islamic inter-bank market and to provide further liquidity management options to the IFIs particularly, in form of strong Shariah-compliant government securities and a stable capital market with plenty of Halal investment options available. All dealings with conventional financial institutions should remain limited to the necessities which reach the extremes of compulsion. Cost Of Being A Muslim Those who have bad memories of dealing with Islamic banks are in front-line of critics with this remark. People feel that there are serious doubts on the honesty and integrity of IFIs. They feel that these Banks are using the name of Islam to earn a few bucks more as compared to the conventional banks or rather they are exploiting the faith of Muslims by charging them, the â€Å"cost of being a Muslim†. On the financing side, they charge higher than conventional banks. In other words, internal rate of return on Islamic financial products is higher than the conventional products. On the contrary, it is observed that on the deposit sides they pay less as compared to the conventional banks. In addition, it is generally observed that the expected rates, as well as, the actual rates of return offered by these financial institutions are fairly equivalent to (generally slightly less than) the rates being offered by conventional financial institutions. A justification against the first argument is that since IFIs are subject to the commodity risk, asset destruction and holding risks and the price risk, as well as their relevant costs e. g. Takaful expenses, in addition to the risks and costs that a bank faces, they are justified in their demand i. e. higher internal rate of return. Nevertheless, financial experts have generally felt that even if these factors are considered, the pricing by these Banks is on the higher side. On the other side, in a profit and loss based model, it is agreeable that they assign weightage to different types of deposits in a manner that the total return on investment and financing pools is allocated amongst various depositors and the Bank (working as a partner). Even then, it is generally noted that IFIs are paying less than the market. We can only hope that in near future, with increasing competition in the Islamic banking industry, this effect will minimize because of market-forces except to the extent of pricing against actual additional risk elements. Marketing Approach Of IFIs Another valid argument is about the marketing approach being used by these financial institutions, which adversely effects the public reliance on this mode. People raising objections on the marketing approach of IFIs have two grounds for the same. The first one is the general marketing approach being applied by the a few IFIs which include advertisement and other publicity materials including involvement of women and traditional marketing and advertisement styles for promotion of â€Å"Islamic† banking business. Second ground is the marketing strategy in which sometimes it is felt that false statements are made for promotional purposes. An example of the same is the claim by a leading Islamic bank that all its day to day activities are monitored by its Shariah Advisor. Just imagine, if it is humanly possible, that a part time Shariah Advisor can look after all day to day activities of a full fledged bank with a number of branches even located at other cities. Another example is the claim by an Islamic mutual fund that it is the first one of its kind in the country, whereas another fund was operating in the country for around one year earlier to subscription for such mutual fund. They Don’t Look Like Islamic Once you enter into a glittering branch or office of an IFI, generally you do not feel any difference with a conventional bank. This issue is raised particularly by the blend of people who feel that once they enter into such location, it should look like a sacred place instead of a commercial office. You generally feel that they have over-spent on the furniture, interior-decoration and publicity stuff, which apparently, is against the injunctions of Islam. This impression is further strengthened when you see the overall environment, the dealing style of personnel and most significantly, you feel (in most of the cases) that there are ladies working for the organization without Hijab or even â€Å"appropriate attire† (in line with the dress-code of a Muslim woman as defined by Shariah). Although a few â€Å"moderate-enlightened† Muslims will not like this objection at all, nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that a common Muslim cannot digest â€Å"Islamic† banking while he feels that other factors of business are not really Islamic. We can’t argue with these objections as these have due weightage in them and the management of IFIs should take these objections seriously. However, we should keep in mind that the prime objective of Islamic finance, is to ensure that â€Å"financial† matters are dealt with in line with Islamic Shariah. In other words, environment does not make anything Haram. Needless to mention, from Shariah perspective, you can always buy a Halal product from a store where everything else is Haram although the same needs to be avoided if other options are available. Islamic Bankers – Don’t Know Islamic Banking This argument, once again, has key significance from the perspective of the overall control environment of these banks with regard to the applicability of Shariah principles. Particularly, it is astonishing when you deal with an Islamic banker, who knows very little about Islamic banking, but unfortunately, this is not very uncommon. The prime cause behind this issue is the fact that most of the IFIs have hired the conventional bankers and generally no or very little consideration is awarded to ensure that they are well conversant with the Shariah requirements with regard to the modes of finance being used by these Banks. Similarly, the IFIs do not spend enough on their resource-building for Shariah compliance and training of their staff, in comparison to what they spend for marketing. Having experience of training â€Å"Islamic Bankers†, as well as, performing Shariah compliance reviews, we may safely conclude that, this objection is not without substance. This accordingly, is a strongest need that the IFIs should allocate more and more resources for staff training and Shariah compliance. Monopoly Of Shariah Advisors Another objection is regarding the appointment of Shariah Boards and Shariah Advisors. People have largely noted and discussed at various forums that the major contribution in this field in Pakistan is limited to a very small group of jurists most of whom relate to a single family and their pupils (a single religious university). Besides this, another question is also being raised that generally the honorariums, consultancy fee and other benefits being offered to such jurists by the IFIs in Pakistan, as well as, abroad are quite high and this may jeopardize their independence. In addition, it is felt that they are the only ones who are whole and sole responsible for Shariah compliance. They approve the products, they review the transactions and in the end; they perform Shariah audit themselves, which is, however, an indicative of a conflict of interest (without any doubt on their personal independence and integrity). Most of the people conversant with the business and operations of Islamic finance do not agree with this observation, because the contribution of these people to the industry as a whole is remarkable and they deserve even more than that based on their contribution and efforts in the promotion of this industry. The general concept that a â€Å"Moulvi† should be paid the minimum for his life, is not justifiable. If you are getting benefits from their efforts, their knowledge and skills, then they should be justifiably rewarded. Having said that, it is always agreeable that it is the right time that contributions from jurist from other schools of thought should also be sought and they should necessarily be provided opportunities to enter into the field. For this purpose, it is a good proposition from the State Bank that a jurist should not be allowed to hold more than one remunerative position as a Shariah Advisor or member of a Shariah Board. This will ensure that fresh blood gets an option to enter into the field which will eventually improve the overall Shariah compliance in the field, as well as, will help these institutions to innovate fresh products. IFIs Use Conventional Insurance A valid objection; can’t argue with that. It was a real issue that according to the legal requirements, as well as, derived from real â€Å"compulsion†, the banks were required to obtain insurance coverage from conventional insurance companies and this practice was allowed by the Shariah Advisors to the extent of compulsion only. This situation, Alhamdolillah has changed after introduction of Islamic mode of insurance (Takaful) in Pakistani market. Unfortunately, there are a still IFIs who have not yet switched to Takaful while to-date three Takaful companies and a family Takaful company have commenced operations in Pakistan and now this lame excuse of compulsion can not be exercised anymore. Now it’s high time that the State Bank and the Shariah Advisors should take strong steps to ensure that no business is iven by the IFIs to any conventional insurance company either in respect of owned assets, or against assets held under security. Should We Still Prefer Islamic Banking? As a conclusion to this debate, we may say that we are required by our religion to implement a complete Islamic way of living in our individual and collective lives and the society and the government as well. The Islamic banking and financial system is a part of such system and is not construed to be applicable in isolation while o ther laws and customs repugnant to the Shariah requirements are still in force. However, for the sake of our own benefits, in order to avoid interest by ourselves and providing interest-free opportunities to our brothers and sisters in Islam, we should promote and support the Islamic banking and finance in the country with all our possible efforts and endeavors. We should not try to pull legs of an infant who is just trying to take his first step towards a long journey to go. However, we should try to ensure that he commences his journey on the right way, with strong footings. Such Islamic banking, may not be termed as perfect, but can provide us with a shelter from interest based transactions for the time being, and might support us in augmenting a truly Islamic financial system, and more appropriately said, will serve as an experiment for the time when we will really be in a position to the implement the complete Islamic way of living in our beloved country. May Allah Almighty bestow us his blessings and enable us to evolve a complete system of life in accordance with the principles of life provided by the Holy Quran and the Holy Prophet (SAAWS). May Allah accept our efforts and forgive us for our mistakes in this field in our individual capacities, as well as, as a society. About Omar & Faizan: Omar is a Chartered Accountant by profession, and is presently working as Partner – Islamic Financial Services Group with Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co. (A member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited). Omar enjoys vast experience in audit, Shariah compliance and providing related services to Islamic finance industry in Pakistan. He is author of a Book on Islamic finance namely â€Å"Managing Finances – A Shariah Compliant Way†. Faizan holds experience in the field of Shariah audits and product development. In past, he has worked with a leading Islamic bank as Shariah Coordinator and Shariah Auditor. Presently, he is working with Ford Rhodes Sidat Hyder & Co. as Manager – Islamic Financial Services. [pic][pic]

Aladian Election Essay - 1566 Words

Over the recent decades, Canada’s political landscape has undergone several shifts with the 2015 elections taking another new course of government. The 2015 elections market Canada’s 29th general elections following a request of the Jim Prentice to the governor of Alberta to dissolve the legislative assembly in April 2015. Further, this marked the fourth time that the people of Alberta changed their system of government. With reference to the provincial election act, the set election date was set and the people of Alberta were allowed to the polls. This election led to the majority of the progressive conservative associations of Alberta (PCs) losing their positions as several New Democratic Party (NDP) aspirants were elected into the†¦show more content†¦In addition, the texts showed more of betrayal forms some of the officials from the PC party. Consequently, one of the strongest party members, Jonathan Denis, the former justice minister interrupted the campai gns in the attempt to attend to the legal proceedings which involved the separated wife. Opinion Polls Influence From the beginning, the consensus that was conducted among various opinion polls indicated that Alberta was to be an NDP province. There were several pre-election polls conducted in the province all showing the popularity of the pc party. This increased the party’s popularity as compared to other parties that were involved in the race. For instance, CBC polls conducted revealed that Mr. Prentice was first with a 38 percent lead then followed by 24 percent Windrose candidate. Also, when same research was conducted in Calgary, the Alberta’s were asked to give the party with which they were affiliated to. The NDP party came the most popular with a percentage of 28 then followed with Wildrose which had 24% popularity. As such, the statistical research affected the voter behavior in the province. In addition, the opinion polls provided some of the information that were useful for the undecided voters and therefore were observed to have impacted in th e swaying of Alberta’s voters. As such, the provisional conservatives’ party found